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<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="left" width="70">
<strong>S3 Uploads</strong><br />
Lightweight "drop-in" for storing WordPress uploads on Amazon S3 instead of the local filesystem.
</td>
<td align="right" width="20%">
<a href="https://shepherd.dev/github/humanmade/S3-Uploads">
<img src="https://shepherd.dev/github/humanmade/S3-Uploads/coverage.svg" alt="Psalm coverage">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/humanmade/S3-Uploads/actions/workflows/ci.yml">
<img src="https://github.com/humanmade/S3-Uploads/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg" alt="CI">
</a>
<a href="https://codecov.io/github/humanmade/S3-Uploads" >
<img src="https://codecov.io/github/humanmade/S3-Uploads/graph/badge.svg?token=JmeqBWddkV"/>
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
A <strong><a href="https://hmn.md/">Human Made</a></strong> project. Maintained by @joehoyle.
</td>
<td align="center">
<img src="https://humanmade.com/content/themes/hmnmd/assets/images/hm-logo.svg" width="100" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
S3 Uploads is a WordPress plugin to store uploads on S3. S3 Uploads aims to be a lightweight "drop-in" for storing uploads on Amazon S3 instead of the local filesystem.
It's focused on providing a highly robust S3 interface with no "bells and whistles", WP-Admin UI or much otherwise. It comes with some helpful WP-CLI commands for generating IAM users, listing files on S3 and Migrating your existing library to S3.
## Requirements
- PHP >= 7.4
- WordPress >= 5.3
## Getting Set Up
S3 Uploads requires installation via Composer:
```
composer require humanmade/s3-uploads
```
**Note:** [Composer's autoloader](https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#autoloading) must be loaded before S3 Uploads is loaded. We recommend loading it in your `wp-config.php` before `wp-settings.php` is loaded as shown below.
```php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
```
## Configuration
Once you've installed the plugin, add the following constants to your `wp-config.php`:
```PHP
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET', 'my-bucket' );
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_REGION', '' ); // the s3 bucket region (excluding the rest of the URL)
// You can set access key and secret directly:
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_KEY', '' );
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_SECRET', '' );
// Or if using IAM instance profiles, you can use the instance's credentials:
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_USE_INSTANCE_PROFILE', true );
```
Please refer to this [Region list](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html#s3_region) for the S3_UPLOADS_REGION values.
Use of path prefix after the bucket name is allowed and is optional. For example, if you want to upload all files to 'my-folder' inside a bucket called 'my-bucket', you can use:
```PHP
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET', 'my-bucket/my-folder' );
```
Please refer to this document outlining [Best Practices for managing AWS access keys](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_access-keys.html#securing_access-keys)
You must then enable the plugin. To do this via WP-CLI use command:
```
wp plugin activate S3-Uploads
```
The plugin name must match the directory you have cloned S3 Uploads into;
If you're using Composer, use
```
wp plugin activate s3-uploads
```
The next thing that you should do is to verify your setup. You can do this using the `verify` command
like so:
```
wp s3-uploads verify
```
You will need to create your IAM user yourself, or attach the necessary permissions to an existing user, you can output the policy via `wp s3-uploads generate-iam-policy`
## Listing files on S3
S3-Uploads comes with a WP-CLI command for listing files in the S3 bucket for debugging etc.
```
wp s3-uploads ls [<path>]
```
## Uploading files to S3
If you have an existing media library with attachment files, use the below command to copy them all to S3 from local disk.
```
wp s3-uploads upload-directory <from> <to> [--verbose]
```
For example, to migrate your whole uploads directory to S3, you'd run:
```
wp s3-uploads upload-directory /path/to/uploads/ uploads
```
There is also an all purpose `cp` command for arbitrary copying to and from S3.
```
wp s3-uploads cp <from> <to>
```
Note: as either `<from>` or `<to>` can be S3 or local locations, you must specify the full S3 location via `s3://mybucket/mydirectory` for example `cp ./test.txt s3://mybucket/test.txt`.
## Private Uploads
WordPress (and therefore S3 Uploads) default behaviour is that all uploaded media files are publicly accessible. In certain cases which may not be desireable. S3 Uploads supports setting S3 Objects to a `private` ACL and providing temporarily signed URLs for all files that are marked as private.
S3 Uploads does not make assumptions or provide UI for marking attachments as private, instead you should integrate the `s3_uploads_is_attachment_private` WordPress filter to control the behaviour. For example, to mark _all_ attachments as private:
```php
add_filter( 's3_uploads_is_attachment_private', '__return_true' );
```
Private uploads can be transitioned to public by calling `S3_Uploads::set_attachment_files_acl( $id, 'public-read' )` or vica-versa. For example:
```php
S3_Uploads::get_instance()->set_attachment_files_acl( 15, 'public-read' );
```
The default expiry for all private file URLs is 6 hours. You can modify this by using the `s3_uploads_private_attachment_url_expiry` WordPress filter. The value can be any string interpreted by `strtotime`. For example:
```php
add_filter( 's3_uploads_private_attachment_url_expiry', function ( $expiry ) {
return '+1 hour';
} );
```
If you're using [Stream](https://wordpress.org/plugins/stream/) for audit logs, [S3 Uploads Audit](https://github.com/humanmade/s3-uploads-audit) is an add-on plugin which supports logging some S3 Uploads actions e.g any setting of ACL for files of an attachment. So you can install it for such audit functionality.
## Cache Control
You can define the default HTTP `Cache-Control` header for uploaded media using the
following constant:
```PHP
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL', 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 );
// will expire in 30 days time
```
You can also configure the `Expires` header using the `S3_UPLOADS_HTTP_EXPIRES` constant
For instance if you wanted to set an asset to effectively not expire, you could
set the Expires header way off in the future. For example:
```PHP
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_HTTP_EXPIRES', gmdate( 'D, d M Y H:i:s', time() + (10 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60) ) .' GMT' );
// will expire in 10 years time
```
## Default Behaviour
As S3 Uploads is a plug and play plugin, activating it will start rewriting image URLs to S3, and also put
new uploads on S3. Sometimes this isn't required behaviour as a site owner may want to upload a large
amount of media to S3 using the `wp-cli` commands before enabling S3 Uploads to direct all uploads requests
to S3. In this case one can define the `S3_UPLOADS_AUTOENABLE` to `false`. For example, place the following
in your `wp-config.php`:
```PHP
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_AUTOENABLE', false );
```
To then enable S3 Uploads rewriting, use the wp-cli command: `wp s3-uploads enable` / `wp s3-uploads disable`
to toggle the behaviour.
## URL Rewrites
By default, S3 Uploads will use the canonical S3 URIs for referencing the uploads, i.e. `[bucket name].s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/[file path]`. If you want to use another URL to serve the images from (for instance, if you [wish to use S3 as an origin for CloudFlare](https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/200168926-How-do-I-use-CloudFlare-with-Amazon-s-S3-Service-)), you should define `S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET_URL` in your `wp-config.php`:
```PHP
// Define the base bucket URL (without trailing slash)
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_BUCKET_URL', 'https://your.origin.url.example/path' );
```
S3 Uploads' URL rewriting feature can be disabled if the current website does not require it, nginx proxy to s3 etc. In this case the plugin will only upload files to the S3 bucket.
```PHP
// disable URL rewriting alltogether
define( 'S3_UPLOADS_DISABLE_REPLACE_UPLOAD_URL', true );
```
## S3 Object Permissions
The object permission of files uploaded to S3 by this plugin can be controlled by setting the `S3_UPLOADS_OBJECT_ACL`
constant. The default setting if not specified is `public-read` to allow objects to be read by anyone. If you don't
want the uploads to be publicly readable then you can define `S3_UPLOADS_OBJECT_ACL` as one of `private` or `authenticated-read`
in you wp-config file:
```PHP
// Set the S3 object permission to private
define('S3_UPLOADS_OBJECT_ACL', 'private');
```
For more information on S3 permissions please see the Amazon S3 permissions documentation.
## Custom Endpoints
Depending on your requirements you may wish to use an alternative S3 compatible object storage system such as Minio, Ceph,
Digital Ocean Spaces, Scaleway and others.
You can configure the endpoint by adding the following code to a file in the `wp-content/mu-plugins/` directory, for example `wp-content/mu-plugins/s3-endpoint.php`:
```php
<?php
// Filter S3 Uploads params.
add_filter( 's3_uploads_s3_client_params', function ( $params ) {
$params['endpoint'] = 'https://your.endpoint.com';
$params['use_path_style_endpoint'] = true;
$params['debug'] = false; // Set to true if uploads are failing.
return $params;
} );
```
**Note:** As of AWS SDK 3.337, S3 uses a [new type of integrity protection](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-php/issues/3062) which is not supported by all third-party S3-compatible APIs. If you experience errors, you may need to disable the new checksum functionality:
```php
add_filter( 's3_uploads_s3_client_params', function ( $params ) {
// ...
$params['request_checksum_calculation'] = 'when_required';
$params['response_checksum_validation'] = 'when_required';
return $params;
} );
```
## Temporary Session Tokens
If your S3 access is configured to require a temporary session token in addition to the access key and secret, you should configure the credentials using the following code:
```php
// Filter S3 Uploads params.
add_filter( 's3_uploads_s3_client_params', function ( $params ) {
$params['credentials']['token'] = 'your session token here';
return $params;
} );
```
## Offline Development
While it's possible to use S3 Uploads for local development (this is actually a nice way to not have to sync all uploads from production to development),
if you want to develop offline you have a couple of options.
1. Just disable the S3 Uploads plugin in your development environment.
2. Define the `S3_UPLOADS_USE_LOCAL` constant with the plugin active.
Option 2 will allow you to run the S3 Uploads plugin for production parity purposes, it will essentially mock
Amazon S3 with a local stream wrapper and actually store the uploads in your WP Upload Dir `/s3/`.
## Credits
Created by Human Made for high volume and large-scale sites. We run S3 Uploads on sites with millions of monthly page views, and thousands of sites.
Written and maintained by [Joe Hoyle](https://github.com/joehoyle). Thanks to all our [contributors](https://github.com/humanmade/S3-Uploads/graphs/contributors).
Interested in joining in on the fun? [Join us, and become human!](https://hmn.md/is/hiring/)